Technical running socks have one clear goal: to let you run without blisters. Blisters come from friction and moisture, so a good running sock combines hold so the foot doesn't move, flat seams that don't chafe, and a fabric that wicks sweat away and keeps the foot dry.
How to avoid blisters when running
A blister forms when the foot slides inside the shoe and damp skin rubs over and over. An anti-blister sock tackles both causes: it holds the foot with compression across the arch so it doesn't slide, and wicks sweat so the skin doesn't soften. Add to that the flat toe seam, which removes the classic friction point.
What height for running
In running, comfort and personal preference rule. The ankle sock is the most common on tarmac, but the technical function doesn't change with height.